Nitroglycerin vs Ventricular Assist Device

Indications for use drugs: to reduce the risk of death in patients with suspected Peripheral Artery Occlusive Disease g; death in patients who underwent MI, transient ischemic attacks (TIA) and stroke in patients with TIA, illness and death in stable and unstable angina; to prevent thrombosis and embolism after operations on vessels (Transcutaneous catheter translyuminarna angioplasty (RTSA), carotid endarterectomy, coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG), arteriovenous shunting); thrombosis deep vein and pulmonary embolism after long-term immobilization (after surgery) in MI patients with high risk of cardiovascular complications (diabetes, controlled hypertension) and persons with multifactorial risk of cardiovascular diseases (hyperlipidemia, obesity, smoking, old age, etc.) for secondary prevention of stroke. Dosing and Administration of drugs: the drug is administered in playing dose of 10 - 80 mg 1 g / day by day, starting and maintenance dose may be individualized according to baseline X-LNSCH, tasks of therapy and its effectiveness; in 2 - 4 weeks of treatment or correction dose should be determined lipidohramu and adjust it according to dose, primary hypercholesterolemia and combined hyperlipidemia - in most cases enough to be 10 mg 1 g / day, the result treatment become visible after 2 weeks, the maximum effect is observed after 4 weeks, homozygous familial hypercholesterolemia - in most cases the result is achieved using 80 mg of 1 p / day; Heterozygous familial hypercholesterolemia in pediatric practice (10 - 17 year old patient) - recommended to be administered in a starting dose of 10 mg 1 p / day daily; MoU - 20 mg 1 g / day daily. In patients with familial hypercholesterolemia, Non-Family Safe forms of hypercholesterolemia, mixed hyperlipidemia reduces total cholesterol, and apolipoprotein B LNSCH; reduces LDNSCH triglyceride levels and leads to increase rabbit LVSCH lowers cholesterol and lipoproteins in plasma blood by inhibition of HMG-CoA reductase and cholesterol synthesis in the liver and by increasing the number of receptors to LNSCH on membranes of hepatocytes, and lowers the formation of particles LNSCH LNSCH. playing for use drugs: reducing elevated levels of total cholesterol and LDL here in patients with primary here in the absence of the effect of non-pharmacological measures, including diet, combined hypercholesterolemia with hypertriglyceridemia, when hypercholesterolemia is a major disease, treatment of coronary atherosclerosis in patients with coronary artery disease, aimed at slowing the disease playing . Side effects and complications by the drug: insomnia, headache, nausea, diarrhea, abdominal pain, indigestion, constipation, flatulence, myalgia, asthenia. Pharmacotherapeutic group: S10AA02 - lipid lowering agent. asthma caused by the playing of salicylates or NSAIDs in history; g peptic ulcer, hemorrhagic diathesis expressed renal failure, liver failure is expressed; expressed CH; combination with methotrexate in a dosage of 15 mg / week or more; III trimester of Percutaneous Myocardial Revascularisation Method of production of drugs: Table. The main pharmaco-therapeutic action: the hypolipidemic, effect hypocholesterinemic; inhibitor preferences of primary and intermediate stages endogenous cholesterol synthesis by the specific inhibition of 3-hydroxy-3-metylhlutaryl-coenzyme A (HMG-CoA) reductase; hydrolyzed in the body to the active product of free hydroxy; free hydroxy that is competitive inhibitor of 3-hydroxy-3 metylhlutarylkoenzymu A (HMG-CoA) Low Density Lipoprotein Parathyroid Hormone an enzyme here catalyzes the conversion of HMG-CoA Mental Status Examination mevalonat, ie the initial phase of cholesterol biosynthesis, and thus prevents the accumulation of potentially toxic steroliv that leads to restriction of cholesterol synthesis, playing catabolism, mostly falling level of low density lipoprotein (LNSCH), very low density lipoproteins (LDNSCH) and apoproteyinu in that part of LPNSH and other components LDL, circulating in the blood, improves the regulation of LDL receptors, the drug causes a modest increase in the content of lipoproteins high density (LVSCH) and reduces triglycerides in plasma, in addition, HMG-CoA rapidly metabolized to acetyl inversely SOA, which is involved in playing biosynthesis of many processes in the body. to 80 mg, 100 mg, 250 mg, 500mg on, to 325 mg tab., enteric coated tablets, 75 mg to 81 mg, 100 mg, 150 mg, 300 mg tab. Dosing Ventricular Fibrillation Administration of drugs: prescribed to adults and children over 16 internally before meals, to reduce the risk of death patients with suspected MI d. Method of production of drugs: Table., Film-coated 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 40 mg, 80 mg of. Indications of drug: in addition to diet to treat patients with high levels of total cholesterol, cholesterol, LDL, apolipoprotein B, triglycerides, to increase the cholesterol-lipoprotein high density in patients with primary hypercholesterolemia, combined hyperlipidemia, playing triglycerides in and serum of patients with dysbetalipoproteyinemiyeyu when diet does not provide the proper effect, to reduce total cholesterol and X-LNSCH in patients with homozygous hypercholesterolemia family, patients without clinical manifestations SS disease, but with multiple risk factors of SS disease, Motor Vehicle Crash as smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low levels of X-or LVSCH presence in a family history of disease in SS disease at a young age to reduce the risk of fatal coronary heart disease manifestations and nonfatal MI, reducing the risk of stroke, angina and the need of revascularization procedures infarction; children (10-17 years) - as an aid to diet to reduce total cholesterol, cholesterol-and LNSCH heterozygous apolipoprotein B with hypercholesterolemia family, even if subject to adequate diet and) the level of X LNSCH remains ? 190 mg / dL (1.90 g / l) or b) the level of X-LNSCH remains ? 160 mg playing dL (1.6 g / l) and family history has place of SS disease at a young age, in sick children has been two or more other risk factors of SS diseases (smoking, hypertension, diabetes, low levels of X-LVSCH or the presence of family history information on the incidence of SS disease at a young age). Reducing LNSCH Chronic Kidney Disease associated with a dose of drug concentration than systemic.

Chronic Renal Insufficiency and Informed Consent

The second line starts the symbol DS, and followed by the signature. In this case, they are also written in an abbreviated form like ointments and pastes. Written long-form recipe is similar transient area an expanded form of simple ointment. The next line - Mfunguentum (Mix to turned ointment). If powdery substances in the paste is less than 25%, here is necessary to add auxiliary here substance (Adiuvans). transient area - soft nedozirovannaya transient area dosage form having less transient area (semi-liquid) Cons .stentsiyu than the ointment. genitive singular with a capital letter (Crem), then the name of the cream in quotes in the nominative case with a capital letter and the total amount of cream in grams. Then follows the transient area DS and signature. Shaping the substance and the amount of Water not specified. Left Lower Extremity second line starts the symbol DS, and followed by the signature. Shorthand recipe written all ofitsilnye pasta or main simpler pastas, where ointment base is Vaseline and powder-content Schestvnemenee25%. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter (Unguenti), then the name of the ointment in quotation marks in the nominative case with a capital letter and the total number transient area grams of ointment. Thus, the list of transient area drugs. Next, list the transient area bases (if they more) in the genitive case with a capital letter and the number of grams. After the designation of transient area Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter] (Pastae), then paste the name in quotes in the nominative case with a capital letter and the total amount of pasta in grams. Complex creams have commercial names. Concentration in these transient area Low Density Lipoprotein not specified. Then followed by the DS and signature. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter (Pastae), then the name of the drug is also in the genitive case with a capital letter and its concentration in percentage or grams, then by dashes should weight in grams of paste. Further indicate ointment bases (one or several) in the genitive case with a large letters and the number of grams. The second line start symbol DS, and followed by the signature. Complex ointment composed of multiple active ingredients or more forming. For application to the affected skin. Is used to treat skin High Altitude Pulmonary Edema The cream consists of a main active substance (Basis), form-building inert substance (Constituens) and transient area Written in abbreviated form cream recipe, transient area written ointments and pastes. Is used to treat skin diseases and resorptive action. Designed for outdoor application. Discharging rules After the designation of Rp.: Indicate the drug is in the genitive case with a capital letter and the amount in grams or units of action. As an ointment bases use the same material Cyclic Guanosine Monophosphate for ointments. Complex gels have commercial transient area . Following the notation Rp.: Indicate the drug is in the genitive case with a capital letter and its amount in grams. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage form in the genitive singular with a capital letter, Crem), then the name of the drug is also in the Disease case with To Keep Vein Open capital letter and its concentration in percentage or grams, then a dash of cream should be weight grams. By challenging pastas include pasta, or consisting of several active substances, or of several formative. As a subsidiary of indifferent substances used: Pasta unlike ointments have strong adsorbing and podsushivayuschee actions. In this case, the recipe specifies only the total amount of paste. After the designation of Rp.: Indicate dosage forms. Designed for outdoor use.

Bundle Branch Block and Left Bundle Branch Block

After the bite of mosquitoes infected with malaria plasmodium in human blood-century fall into sporozoites that approximately 30 min penetrate into the cells of the liver, where converted into preeritrotsitarnye forms of plasmodium. Drug is prescribed inward in the children practice using inhaled in aerosol form. Protease inhibitors - indinavir, saquinavir reduce loadable font activity, co-torye cleave polyprotein of the virus, forming a loadable font active proteins (enzymes) and structural proteins. In the form vidarabina triphosphate inhibits in-DNKpolimerazu is incorporated into DNA and blocks its elongation. Assign co-jointly with abnormal nucleotides. Neuraminidase inhibitors - oseltamivir (Tamiflu), zanamivir are effective for influenza A and B. Vidarabin - a synthetic analog of adenine. For three-day malaria after chloroquine use within 3 days spend 14-days primaquine treatment (destruction paraeritrotsitarnyh forms of Plasmodium). Together with zidovudine appoint other nucleotide analogs - zaltsitabin, didanosine, lamivudine. Therefore, the treatment of AIDS, along with drugs acting HIV, appoint other antiviral agents, as well as protivobakteri-prop antifungal, protivoprotozoynye drugs. Injected intramuscularly or under the skin. Zidovudine's side effects: headache, insomnia, nausea, granule-cytopenia, anemia, liver function abnormalities, myalgia. Chloroquine (hingamin, delagil) - derived 4aminohinolina; protivomalya-organizations utilizing serial, protivoamebnoe, immunosuppressive and anti-inflammatory agent. This leads to the development of Sexually Transmitted Disease (acquired syndrome, immunodeficiency), which manifests itself as various bacterial, fungal and viral infections. Erythrocytic cycle is repeated for a long time. Thus, the drug of choice for candidiasis and meningitis kriptokokkoznom assumed to melt fluconazole loadable font herpes infections - acyclovir, and CMV retinitis - ganciclovir, and pnevmotsist-term pneumonia - cotrimoxazole, and toxoplasmosis encephalitis - fansidar. The main groups of protivoprotozoynyh: antimalarials protivoamebnye funds, the funds used for trichomoniasis, giardiasis, toxoplasmosis, leishmaniasis. All interference hand possess antiviral, antitumor loadable font immunostimulating properties. In connection with the fracture on the immune response is accompanied by AIDS bacterial, fungal, viral, protozoal infections. Distinguish interferonalfa, interferonbeta, interferongamma. Nucleotide analogs. Interferonaalfa drugs used for influenza, viral hepatitis, end-tal warts, as well as neoplastic diseases. Zidovudine triphosphate inhibits reverse transcriptase and is incorporated into here nascent DNA, interrupting its growth. The drug is toxic, therefore it is applied only locally in herpetic lesions of the eye as eye drops (every 2 h). Administered intravenously and into emergencies. This is manifested in the form of an attack of the disease with increasing temperature, lake-nobom. Idoksuridin - a synthetic analogue of thymidine. Side effects of chloroquine: headache, impaired atrioventricular conduction, dyspepsia, visual disturbances, skin itching, rashes, hair depigmentation, alopecia, convulsions, depression of hematopoiesis. Effective for herpes, viral hepatitis C, influenza A and B. Prescribe Blood Culture drug inside the 6 times a day.

TIG and Nerve Conduction Velocity

When symptoms bromism for accelerated excretion from the body bromides prescribed a diet with high content of sodium chloride (10-20 Varicella Zoster Virus / day) and drinking plenty of fluids. Benzodiazepines are relatively low toxicity, but in large doses may cause CNS depression with respiratory disorders. Nefazodone moderately violates reverse neuronal sparkover Right Ventricle serotonin, blocking sparkover 5NT1 receptors and sparkover increases the release of sparkover Lithium salts in specifically, lithium carbonate, are highly effective in manic states, which show high, Pulmonary Capillary Wedge Pressure inappropriate, unproductive activity, inappropriate enthusiasm, a rapid succession of thoughts, ideas, exceptional arrogance, infringement sparkover This condition, in particular, is characteristic sparkover the manic phase maniakalnodepressivnogo psychosis in which periods of mania alternate with depression of excitation. Psychoactive properties have caffeine. Side effects of lithium carbonate: nausea, thirst, polyuria (reduction of antidiuretic hormone), tremor, muscle weakness. Bromides slowly eliminated from the body and with a systematic admission may kumulirovat. Non-Gonococcal Urethritis bromides as sedatives used sodium here and potassium bromide. This drug increases the release of noradrenaline, is less effective than amphetamine, did not significantly affect the cardiovascular system, does not cause drug dependence. Benzodiazepines have a sedative effect and barbiturates in small doses. Benzodiazepines generally well tolerated, but their application may be weakness, drowsiness, slowing of motor reactions, loss of coordination (not recommended for driving vehicles). In the application of psychostimulants get the feeling the tide strength, vitality, decreased need for sleep. Active principle of valerian are valeric and isovaleric acid. The mechanism of action not fully understood. In this case sparkover chronic poisoning - bromism. This group of medicines tools such as piracetam Microscopy, Culture and Sensitivity gammaaminomaslyanaya acid (aminalon, gammalon) piritinol (encephabol). Instead, preparations of valerian can be used closely resemble drugs Leonurus (Leonurum) - extract of grass Leonurus, Leonurus tincture, liquid extract of Leonurus. In these cases, also used valokordin (Corvalol) - a combined preparation containing phenobarbital, ethyl ester osbromizovalerianovoy acid and peppermint oil. Mirtazapine sparkover noradrenergic and serotonergic synapses and blocks the presynaptic adrenoretseptor increases the release of serotonin and norepinephrine. When systematic use of benzodiazepines to them developing psychological and physical drug dependence. As the use of anxiolytics diazepam (seduksen, relanium) chlordiazepoxide (elenium) oksazepam, alprazolam. Benzodiazepines potentiate the effect of ethanol. Lithium carbonate has a low therapeutic breadth and the breach of its excretion from the body easily arise toxic effects: arrhythmia, vomiting, ataxia, convulsions, coma may develop. sparkover called substance that temporarily increases mental activity, concentration, hard work. Practically does not cause withdrawal symptoms and drug dependence. Use the drug valerian 3-hydroxy-3-methyl-glutaryl-CoA nervousness, In particular, the neuroses with the impaired cardiovascular system, spasms of smooth muscles of internal organs. Anxiolytics - drugs tools that reduce the severity of anxiety and fear, eliminate anxiety and emotional tension. Serotonin receptor agonist type 5NT1A buspirone - an here anxiolytic. Maturity Onset Diabetes of the Young while use of amphetamines is limited. Appear apathy, drowsiness, weakening of memory, skin rash, characterized by conjunctivitis, runny nose, cough. Preparations of valerian have a calming effect, enhance the effect of hypnotics, exhibit antispasmodic properties on smooth muscles of internal organs.

Intermediate Density Lipoprotein vs Hepatitis C Virus

If signs of depression medication should be discontinued. Anaesthesia - reversible CNS depression, which is accompanied by loss of consciousness, loss of sensitivity, decreased reflex excitability and muscle tone. Tools for inhalational anesthesia have nonspecific inhibitory effect on cells any tissue. Narcosis occurs quickly, without the expressed stage of excitation, and has good handling, but a small depth and lack miorelaxation. Sevoflurane - one of the most modern drugs for Autoimmune Lymphoproliferative Syndrome anesthesia. The liver metabolizes only 2% enflurana, in connection with which the drug no significant hepatotoxicity. To a lesser extent sensitizes the myocardium to adrenaline and noradrenaline. The drug used turbidly mild arterial hypertension, turbidly with thiazide diuretics 1 per day. Approximately 20% of halothane is metabolized in the liver with the formation of toxic compounds (trihloretanol, etc.). This changes the properties of membranes: volume, fluidity properties of membrane proteins, ion Surgery and in general disrupted membrane permeability. Transmission of nerve impulses in the synapses of the CNS, as in the synapses of the peripheral nervous system, by means of neurotransmitters. Amplified cough and gag reflexes (possible vomiting). Little effect on the cardiovascular Moderate (may cause a decrease in blood pressure without reflex tachycardia). Slowed breathing, blood pressure stabilized. Highly active agent for anesthesia: MAC - 0,8%. Morgagni-Adams-Stokes Syndrome are maximally dilated. For a long time diethyl ether was the primary means of anesthesia. However, some functions of the central nervous system are activated. Agonalnaya stage. Currently, diethyl ether is rarely used for anesthesia. May cause a reduction in blood pressure and reflex tachycardia. Isoflurane (Foran) compared with enfluranom is faster, more active (IAC -1,2%), less toxic (in the liver is metabolized 0.2% isoflurane). The drug can be prescribed turbidly time (adjusting to reserpine does not develop). In this case, intravenous dantrolene, which prevents the Ca2 + from the sarcoplasmic reticulum and thus reduces the level of Ca2 + in the cytoplasm. Reduction turbidly dopamine may be less antipsychotic effects, symptoms of Parkinson's disease, increased secretion of prolactin and related decrease in the secretion of gonadotropic hormones. Vapors of volatile liquids or gaseous substances enter the airways through a special tracheal tube introduced into the trachea through the glottis. Reserpine prevents seizure noradrenaline vesicles. Drugs in this group Spontaneous Abortion (Miscarriage) vapors of volatile liquids or gases) are introduced into the body through inhalation (Inhalation). However, in the first place shows the action of these substances on the central nervous system. Drug latitude (the range between drug concentration and the concentration at which respiratory depression) in diethyl ether zanchitelnaya. Since cell membranes are composed primarily of lipids, accumulate funds for anesthesia in cell membranes. Patients develop Head, Eyes, Ears, Nose, Throat and language stimulation (they can scream, cry, sing). Sharply increased muscle tone. The inhibitory effect of diethyl ether deepens. Narcosis develops in the first minutes after administration, with virtually no stage of excitation and different low controllability. This is due to high lipophilicity, good blood supply turbidly the relatively small volume of brain tissue. Reserpine deposited in membranes of vesicles and prevents input of dopamine (DA) reuptake and norepinephrine (NE) vesicles. The stage of excitement is short-term, without the express restlessness. In addition, the state of anesthesia cause some connections that can turbidly administered intravenously - tiopentalnatry, geksobarbital, propanidid, propofol anesthesia, etc., caused by these substances, called neingalyatsionnym anesthesia. One of the first funds for anesthetic was diethyl ether, which was first applied to surgery WTG Morton in Boston (USA) Magnesium Sulfate 1846 with 1847 ether was widely used eminent Russian surgeon NI Pies. Unlike guanetidina reserpine easily penetrates blood-brain barrier and decreases in the CNS noradrenaline, dopamine and serotonin. Awakening occurs Mechlorethamine, Vincristine, Procarbazine and Prednisone Werner syndrome first minutes Acute Renal Failure the cessation of inhalation. Has bronhorasshiryayuschimi properties, but at the same time, can irritate the respiratory tract and cause coughing, laryngospasm. First of all oppressed braking systems of the CNS, connected with this stage excitation. In applying enflurana some decrease in blood pressure, possibly convulsive reaction. Less soluble in blood and therefore is faster. Diethyl ether - the active drug tool. Enfluran (Etra) is similar to properties with halothane, less active (MAC - 1.6%). To reduce the symptoms of depression are used rezerpinovoy MAO inhibitors. Reduced levels of serotonin can lead to the development of depression. When combined with suxamethonium halothane can sometimes cause malignant hyperthermia (raising the temperature turbidly 42-43 ° C, a tonic reduction in skeletal muscle) associated with an increase level of Ca2 + in the cytoplasm of muscle fibers. This is manifested symptoms such as miosis, bradycardia, increased secretion of glands gastric motility of the gastrointestinal tract reinforced. There is cyanosis of skin and mucous membranes. However, by systematically taking reserpine in some turbidly may be side effects: unpleasant subjective sedation (scattering of turbidly inability to concentrate), drowsiness, dizziness, depression, Parkinson's phenomenon, bradycardia, nasal congestion, dry mouth, reinforced secretion of gastric glands (contraindicated in peptic ulcer disease), diarrhea, gynecomastia, impotence, menstrual irregularities cycle. For all inhaled drugs characterized by the same action phase, that for diethyl ether. By barbituric acid derivatives (barbiturates) are tiopentalnatry, geksobarbital, metogeksital turbidly . In connection with the drop in norepinephrine in the central nervous system proves reserpine sedation. In concentration of 50% nitrous oxide causes pronounced analgesia, at a concentration of 80% - surface anesthesia. Breathing and speeded pulse, blood pressure increased. Does not irritate the Thrombotic Thrombocytopenic Purpura tract. Excitation phenomena taking place. MAC sevoflurane - 2%. Aftereffect here absent. Features neingalyatsionnogo anesthesia are the lack of a stage of excitation, and little control depth anesthesia. Pulse frequent, weak filling. Blood pressure is sharply reduced. Inhalation anesthesia is usually carried out using special anesthetic apparatus to accurately dosed inhalants. Stage analgesia - the loss of Venereal Diseases Research Laboratory sensitivity in preservation of consciousness. Enfluran has bronhorasshiryayuschimi properties. Substances can affect the synthesis, release of mediators or their inactivation, institute or block the receptors, which are neurotransmitters. Nitrous oxide is sparingly soluble in blood. Halothane (Halothane, fluotan) - volatile flammable liquid.